江西省水系连通及水美乡村建设试点县实施方案编制存在的问题及对策

为提高水系连通及水美乡村建设试点县实施方案编制质量，更好地参加全国竞争性立项，本文分析研究了江西省55个水系连通及水美乡村建设试点县实施方案和相应的专家评审意见，对实施方案编制过程中存在的符合性、完整性不够，实施范围情况调查不准等七个方面突出问题进行梳理剖析，并提出相应对策，可为实施方案编制提供参考。     

A spectrally selective surface structure for combined photothermic conversion and radiative sky cooling

The sun and outer space are the ultimate heat and cold sources for the earth, respectively. They have significant potential for renewable energy harvesting. In this paper, a spectrally selective surface structure that has a planar polydimethylsiloxane layer covering a solar absorber is conceptually proposed and optically designed for the combination of photothermic conversion (PT) and nighttime radiative sky cooling (RC). An optical simulation is conducted whose result shows that the designed surface structure (i.e., PT-RC surface structure) has a strong solar absorption coefficient of 0.92 and simultaneously emits as a mid-infrared spectral-selective emitter with an average emissivity of 0.84 within the atmospheric window. A thermal analysis prediction reveals that the designed PT-RC surface structure can be heated to 79.1°C higher than the ambient temperature in the daytime and passively cooled below the ambient temperature of approximately 10°C in the nighttime, indicating that the designed PT-RC surface structure has the potential for integrated PT conversion and nighttime RC utilization.     

Hot corrosion studies of a salt-coated Ni-based superalloy under flowing wet air and sulfur vapor ambient

Corrosion of a salt-coated Ni-superalloy has been studied at 900°C under a wet air and sulfur vapor ambient. The corrosion thickness, after an incubation of ~60 hr, linearly increases with the corrosion time t and the onset of surface spallation occurred at t ≈ 60 hr. The corroded layer consists of a corrosion front dominated by Cr₃S₄ scales and linear precipitate structures, an inner corrosion layer dominated by Ni₃S₂ and NiO, and an outer corrosion layer dominated by Al₂O₃ networks surrounding the Ni₃S₂ and/or NiO scale structures. The corrosion mechanism is discussed based on the coexistence of H₂O, sulfur, and oxygen.     

Ta含量对NiCoCrAlY涂层性能的影响

采用真空雾化的方法制备了Ta含量为0、2%及5%的NiCoCrAlYTa合金粉末,利用超音速火焰喷涂制备了三种涂层,研究了Ta对合金粉末微观组织及物相的影响,绘制了1050℃条件下涂层的高温氧化动力学曲线,研究了500h氧化试验后涂层组织和β相的分布,初步探讨了Ta元素对改善涂层抗氧化性能的作用机理。研究结果表明:Ta通过提高MCrAlY体系抗氧化元素的溶质浓度,促进了氧化膜的形成,随着Ta含量的增加,涂层的内氧化程度降低,涂层抗氧化性能提高。但含Ta涂层在长时间氧化条件下会生成CrTaO_4、AlTaO_4等尖晶石类氧化物,且Ta的氧化物PBR值较大,对涂层的抗热震性能不利。     

Property uniformity of thick nickel-based alloy plate for nuclear power steam-generator divider plate

This paper introduces a thick 690 nickel-based alloy plate produced by the former Baosteel Special Steel Co.,Ltd.used as the steam-generator divider plate in the pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant.According to the product characteristics and design requirements of the thick nickel-based alloy plate, multidimensional sampling and testing were conducted to investigate its microstructure and mechanical properties.The results show that all the property indexes of the thick hot-rolled nickel-based alloy plate meet the design requirements, and there is good uniformity in the microstructure and mechanical properties in different dimensions.These findings indicate that China has mastered the core manufacturing technology of thick nickel-based alloy plates for their use as divider plates in nuclear power steam generators.     

“互联网+”在乌弄龙、里底水电工程安全管理中的应用

实施互联网保障安全,是水电工程建设项目顺利推进的必要选择。人的不安全行为、物的不安全状态是指由于生产过程中使用的物质、能量等的客观存在而可能导致事故和伤害发生的状态,所以说物的不安全状态是事故发生的根源,如果没有物的安全状态存在,则人的行为也就无所谓安全了。     

炭化活化条件对Cu/AC表面Cu价态及其催化降解苯酚的影响

采用前体浸渍法研制了生物质基载铜活性炭催化剂（Cu/AC），利用N₂-吸附脱附、X射线光电子能谱等技术对Cu/AC性质进行了表征，在固定床反应器中研究了不同炭化活化条件所得Cu/AC催化湿式氧化降解苯酚性能。结果表明：Cu/AC表面Cu物种以Cu²⁺和（Cu⁺+Cu⁰）共存。随着制备Cu/AC炭化温度的升高，炭化过程中产生更多的挥发分，促进Cu²⁺还原为Cu⁺和Cu⁰，（Cu⁺+Cu⁰）含量增大，Cu/AC降解苯酚催化活性逐渐升高；随着炭化时间延长，（Cu⁺+Cu⁰）含量下降，Cu₂O、CuO较好地并入载体使晶格氧含量增加，催化活性先升高后下降；随着活化温度升高和活化时间延长，Cu/AC比表面积达到1096.1m²/g并有大量微孔生成，大量含氧官能团分解将炭化过程中还原生成的（Cu⁺+Cu⁰）氧化为Cu²⁺，晶格氧含量增加，催化活性随着活化温度的升高而升高，随着活化时间的延长先升高后下降。催化湿式氧化降解苯酚过程中，Cu/AC具有良好的稳定性和低的Cu离子浸出浓度。Cu/AC的最优制备条件为炭化温度800℃，炭化时间2h，活化温度880℃，活化时间为2h，所得Cu/AC在反应8.5h时实现98.5%的苯酚转化率和91.1%的COD转化率。     

基于CO2循环的低碳高效白云石煅烧新工艺

白云石是一种广泛应用的冶金、建材和化工原料。针对白云石煅烧过程中CO₂排放严重等问题，构建了基于CO₂循环载热与资源化回收的白云石低碳煅烧竖窑新工艺。通过白云石（CaCO₃·MgCO₃）煅烧过程的Gibbs自由能变计算，发现提高煅烧温度（50~100 K）可有效克服CO₂对反应的抑制作用；通过纯CO₂环境中CaCO₃分解过程的热重实验分析，验证了CO₂循环煅烧白云石煅烧的可行性；通过化学反应动力学计算，解析了全CO₂组分环境下CO₂压力对CaCO₃·MgCO₃高温分解过程的影响，并发现提高CO₂压力可促进气固传热，从而提升分解速率和改善矿料分解均匀性；对CO₂循环煅烧工艺系统能-质平衡计算表明：该工艺理论能耗仅为140 kg/(t 煅白)，且煅烧过程的CO₂排放降低70%以上，环境效益显著。     

Isogeometric topology optimization based on energy penalization for symmetric structure

We present an energy penalization method for isogeometric topology optimization using moving morphable components (ITO–MMC), propose an ITO–MMC with an additional bilateral or periodic symmetric constraint for symmetric structures, and then extend the proposed energy penalization method to an ITO–MMC with a symmetric constraint. The energy penalization method can solve the problems of numerical instability and convergence for the ITO–MMC and the ITO–MMC subjected to the structural symmetric constraint with asymmetric loads. Topology optimization problems of asymmetric, bilateral symmetric, and periodic symmetric structures are discussed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed energy penalization approach. Compared with the conventional ITO–MMC, the energy penalization method for the ITO–MMC can improve the convergence rate from 18.6% to 44.5% for the optimization of the asymmetric structure. For the ITO–MMC under a bilateral symmetric constraint, the proposed method can reduce the objective value by 5.6% and obtain a final optimized topology that has a clear boundary with decreased iterations. For the ITO–MMC under a periodic symmetric constraint, the proposed energy penalization method can dramatically reduce the number of iterations and obtain a speedup of more than 2.     

Healthcare Algorithms by Wearable Inertial Sensors: A Survey

Wearable smart devices, such as smart watch, wristband are becoming increasingly popular recently. They generally integrate the MEMS-designed inertial sensors, including accelerometer, gyroscope and compass, which provide a convenient and inexpensive way to collect motion data of users. Such rich, continuous motion data provide great potential for remote healthcare and decease diagnosis. Information processing algorithms play the critical role in these approaches, which is to extract the motion signatures and to access different kinds of judgements. This paper reviews key algorithms in these areas. In particular, we focus on three kinds of applications: 1) gait analysis; 2) fall detection and 3) sleep monitoring. They are the most popular healthcare applications based on the inertial data. By categorizing and introducing the key algorithms, this paper tries to build a clear map of how the inertial data are processed; how the inertial signatures are defined, extracted, and utilized in different kinds of applications. This will provide a valuable guidance for users to understand the methodologies and to select proper algorithm for specifi c application purpose.